Lobotomy

It consists of cutting the connections to and from the prefrontal cortex, the anterior part of the frontal lobes of the brain. There are nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the rest of the brain. The idea behind psychosurgery, later proven to be invalid, was that these nerves were somehow malformed or damaged, and if they were severed they might regenerate into new, healthy connections. Contrary to popular conception, the operation was not used only on psychiatric patients. Many people were lobotomized for intractable pain, such as chronic, severe backaches or agonizing headaches. The three common versions of psychosurgery were prefrontal leucotomy, prefrontal lobotomy, and trans orbital lobotomy. This is a really hard thing to do because has many ways to see it for example you can die during the operation but it also can cure you in a certain way because you will be all with no emotions and you will not have that normal emotions that everyone has and needs to figure it out how to deal with them. This for me has not been an intelligent cirgury because it is too risky to do. A lobotomy also utilized drilled holes, but in the upper forehead instead of the top of the skull. It was also different in that the surgeon used a blade to cut the brain instead of a leucotome. The infamous trans orbital lobotomy was a blind operation in that the surgeon did not know for certain if he had severed the nerves or not. A sharp, ice-pick like object would be inserted through the eye socket between the upper lid and eye. When the doctor thought he was at about the right spot, he would hit the end of the instrument with a hammer. This was because it was considered unprofessional to criticize another physician in public, so many doctors who knew that psychosurgery was a farce did not make their opinions known. This operation did not satisfy Freeman. He knew that an immense contribution to medicine would be a cheap, quick, and effective treatment for mental illness and pain. To this end he developed the trans orbital lobotomy, at first using an actual dime-store ice pick and a rubber mallet. Again, the problem of breakage occurred. Freeman persevered and was soon performing the brain operation for every complaint imaginable and anywhere he happened to be, even in his own office. Watts was not happy with this state of affairs, telling Freeman that he must “stop doing brain surgery as an office procedure” or Watts would sever their partnership, which is what he eventually did.
http://www.psychosurgery.org/about-lobotomy/