domingo, 28 de noviembre de 2010
Placebo Effect
The placebo effect is "the measurable, observable, or felt improvement in health or behavior not attributable to a medication or invasive treatment that has been administered". The H.K study is very effectiveness like the first article said " studies have shown that placebos are effective in 50 or 60 percent of subjects with certain conditions,"pain, depression, some heart ailments, gastric ulcers and other stomach complaints." And, as effective as the new psychotropic drugs seem to be in the treatment of various brain disorders, some researchers maintain that there is not adequate evidence from studies to prove that the new drugs are more effective than placebos". This shows us how people can be fooled easily, because someone comes and tells you this can cure your problem than you are really thinking positive of that cure adn you make your mind believe its true. Problems that these studies may have, are not a lot because placebo effect is just to prove that people can be tricked very easily and how sometimes illness isnt cured just by medical things. Placebos for me is very effective because its cheapier than all those medications people waste a lot of money in artifacts that sometimes cure you or maybe not. But to take the risk it is whole lot better placebos.
domingo, 7 de noviembre de 2010
Alzheimer's Disease
Alzheimer's disease is characterised by loss of neurons and synapses in the cerebral cortex and certain subcortical regions. This loss results in gross atrophy of the affected regions, including degeneration in the temporal lobe and parietal lobe, and parts of the frontal cortex and cingulate gyrus.In the size of specific brain regions in patients as they progressed from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease, and in comparison with similar images from healthy older adults.This disease will eventually kill you but slowly it makes you completly loss control and you stop understanding what is around you.You no longer understand reality from fiction. They still haven´t found any cure for this and every year more people are affected by it. Something that also comes to my atention is that medicins and puzzels just help your mind be good for a while but after a certain amount of time it will all go away. I think that thier should be more reasearch and more doctors and specialist trying to find a cure for alzheimers since it is and uncontrolled sickness since there is still no cure for it and death still comes with it.
Experiment 1
Dr.Louise Faber and his collegues made the experiment,the brain's equivalent of adrenaline, affects the amygdala by controlling chemical and electrical pathways in the brain responsible for memory formation,leading to better treatments for conditions such as anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder. This happens in real life because when we happen to have a incident that made are brain traumatized we keep it stored in our brain for a long time, and that is how the long term memory works on real life thats why some people had to be treated or some people had died because they cant live with that trauma and they dont know what to do.
What is memory?
1)Sensory memory is the first level of memory, sensory memory retains the brief impression of a sensory stimulus after the stimulus itself has ended.
2)perspective there are three main stages in the formation and retrieval of memory:
Encoding or registration,Storage,Retrieval, recall or recollection.
3)The capacity of the sensory memory can get a lot of things at a time, but it can go fairly quickly from the memory. They are two types the Iconic Memory that can go in less then 1 second, and the Echoic memory that can go in less than 4 seconds.
4)Short-term memory allows recall for a period of several seconds to a minute without rehearsal.
5)
6)Chunking refers to the process of taking individual units of information and grouping them into larger units.
7)Miller found that the short-term memory of different people varies, but found a strong case for being able to measure short-term memory in terms of chunks. A chunk can be a digit in part of a telephone phone number or a name or some other single unit of information.
8)Memory is the ability to encode, store, retain and recall information. Memories give an organism the capability to learn and adapt from previous experiences as well as build relationships. Encoding allows the perceived item of use or interest to be converted into a construct that can be stored within the brain and recalled later from short term or long term memory.
9)Encoding is a biological event that begins with perception. All perceived and striking sensations travel to your brain’s hippocampus where all these sensations are combined into one single experience. The hippocampus is responsible for analyzing these inputs and ultimately deciding if they will be committed to your long term memory; these various threads of information are stored in various parts of the brain.
10)Memory starts as stimuli that we sense some of it goes into short term, if hold on to it or reherse it in short term then we can move it to long term, so once it gets there that information stays.
11)The sensory stores are sensory systems, not memory systems as most people think of the term "memory."
The three-box model suggests that there is nothing in between short-term and long-term memory. However, evidence shows that information can reside somewhere between the extremes of active attention and long-term storage. Memories can be "warmed up" but outside of attention. In other words, intermediate levels of activation are possible.
12)describes memory recall of stimuli as a function of the depth of mental processing. A stimulus’ mental processing depth is determined by connections with preexisting memory, time spent processing the stimulus, cognitive effort, and sensory input mode. Depth of processing falls on a shallow to deep continuum.
13)Maintenance rehearsal is a shallow form of processing information which involves focusing on an object without thought to its meaning or its association with other objects. For example the repetition of a series of numbers is a form of maintenance rehearsal.
14)In contrast, elaborative or relational rehearsal is a deep form of processing information and involves thought of the objects meaning as well as making connections between the object, past experiences and the other objects of focus.
15)Craik and Lockhart
2)perspective there are three main stages in the formation and retrieval of memory:
Encoding or registration,Storage,Retrieval, recall or recollection.
3)The capacity of the sensory memory can get a lot of things at a time, but it can go fairly quickly from the memory. They are two types the Iconic Memory that can go in less then 1 second, and the Echoic memory that can go in less than 4 seconds.
4)Short-term memory allows recall for a period of several seconds to a minute without rehearsal.
5)
6)Chunking refers to the process of taking individual units of information and grouping them into larger units.
7)Miller found that the short-term memory of different people varies, but found a strong case for being able to measure short-term memory in terms of chunks. A chunk can be a digit in part of a telephone phone number or a name or some other single unit of information.
8)Memory is the ability to encode, store, retain and recall information. Memories give an organism the capability to learn and adapt from previous experiences as well as build relationships. Encoding allows the perceived item of use or interest to be converted into a construct that can be stored within the brain and recalled later from short term or long term memory.
9)Encoding is a biological event that begins with perception. All perceived and striking sensations travel to your brain’s hippocampus where all these sensations are combined into one single experience. The hippocampus is responsible for analyzing these inputs and ultimately deciding if they will be committed to your long term memory; these various threads of information are stored in various parts of the brain.
10)Memory starts as stimuli that we sense some of it goes into short term, if hold on to it or reherse it in short term then we can move it to long term, so once it gets there that information stays.
11)The sensory stores are sensory systems, not memory systems as most people think of the term "memory."
The three-box model suggests that there is nothing in between short-term and long-term memory. However, evidence shows that information can reside somewhere between the extremes of active attention and long-term storage. Memories can be "warmed up" but outside of attention. In other words, intermediate levels of activation are possible.
12)describes memory recall of stimuli as a function of the depth of mental processing. A stimulus’ mental processing depth is determined by connections with preexisting memory, time spent processing the stimulus, cognitive effort, and sensory input mode. Depth of processing falls on a shallow to deep continuum.
13)Maintenance rehearsal is a shallow form of processing information which involves focusing on an object without thought to its meaning or its association with other objects. For example the repetition of a series of numbers is a form of maintenance rehearsal.
14)In contrast, elaborative or relational rehearsal is a deep form of processing information and involves thought of the objects meaning as well as making connections between the object, past experiences and the other objects of focus.
15)Craik and Lockhart
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